IPS E-Max Porcelain Crowns (Full Ceramic Porcelains, Lamina Veneers, Inlays, Onlays, Overlays, Endocrones)
Since IPS e.max restorations have the property of transmitting and reflecting light, they provide an appearance closer to the natural tooth tissue, excellent aesthetics and depth of color compared to metal-supported restorations.
It has thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity similar to natural tooth tissue.
They have high resistance to compression forces.
They are biocompatible.
They do not cause taste changes in the mouth and most of them allow radiographic diagnosis of caries.
They are used in making crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays and laminate veneers. Due to these superior properties, they have recently become an indispensable option in fixed prosthetic applications.

Clinical success in all-ceramic systems;
Material properties may vary depending on factors such as preparation, edge compatibility, cementation, bonding, color and aesthetics. These factors are also important for the clinical life of the restoration.
In recent years, various full ceramic applications have been included according to their content and construction method.
The material selection for the full ceramic restoration to be produced should be done very carefully. Durability or aesthetic requirement is effective in this choice.
Although the glass ratio of the aesthetic materials preferred in anterior tooth crowns is high, their durability is less.
By adding some crystals to the content of the ceramic, more durable but more opaque restorations can be obtained. These full ceramic types are obtained by different construction methods. Casting, heat pressing, slip-casting and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CDU) methods known as CAD/CAM are examples of these. It is aimed to increase the success especially with the use of CIS/BDU systems.
The material to be used and the method of construction must be carefully selected and applied.
Apart from the material and method to be used, important factors that affect the success of the restoration such as preparation, impression stage, edge compliance, cementation, early contacts, parafunctional habits of the patient and oral hygiene of the patient should also be evaluated very carefully.

Dental aesthetics is one of the most important issues by both the patient and the physician.
Natural tooth color is formed by the reflection of the light directly from the tooth surface and the reflection of the light entering the dentin and enamel layer.
While natural teeth allow light to be transmitted posteriorly, metal-supported ceramic restorations only allow light to be reflected.
The color of the restoration is affected by the surface structure, the gingival tissue surrounding the restoration and the light of the environment.
Dental restorations should be able to mimic natural teeth in terms of color depth and light transmission.
Because all-ceramic restorations allow light transmission, an esthetic compatible with adjacent teeth can be achieved.
Due to its superior properties such as aesthetics, biocompatibility and durability, the interest in all-ceramic systems has increased considerably in recent years.

Advantages of Full Ceramic Porcelain

• They are biologically compatible with tissues.
• They do not cause irritation or discoloration on the gums.
• They are aesthetic. They are closer to the natural tooth structure due to their light transmission feature.
• They have thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity similar to natural tooth tissue.
• Heat conduction is less than metal-supported ceramic restorations and they do not cause pulpal sensitivity.
• They are stable in color and size.
• They are resistant to abrasion.
• They are very resistant to compression forces.
• They are reliable in terms of ion release and electrolytic corrosion.
• Due to the low accumulation of plaque and bacteria, it can be used healthily in subgingival areas (for example, on implant restorations).
  they can be used.
• They do not cause allergic effects.
• They do not cause taste changes in the mouth.
• When laminate is prepared as a veneer, a good aesthetic result can be obtained by removing very little from the tooth tissue.
• Most of them allow radiographic diagnosis of caries.

• Disadvantages of All Ceramics
• They have low fracture resistance. For this reason, attunements in the mouth must be done very carefully.
• It is not economical. They require special tools and materials for their construction.
• They have low resistance to tensile forces.
• Care and meticulousness are required at all stages such as tooth preparation, impression taking, restoration preparation and cementation. It takes a long time.
• It is not suitable for the construction of long bridges on the posterior teeth.

• In Which Situations Can All Ceramics Be Applied?
• Broken teeth due to trauma or caries,
• Cases of tooth discoloration,
• Worn teeth as a result of abrasion, attrition and erosion,
• Diastema cases,
• teeth with misalignment,
• deformed teeth,
• In congenital or acquired tooth deficiencies,
• In class 1,2,3,4,5 cavities,
• Endodontically treated teeth with excessive destruction,
• Patients with metal allergies,
• All anterior teeth where aesthetics are important.

When Can't Full Ceramics Be Made?

• Teeth with short clinical crowns,
• In individuals with deep bite,
• Presence of overly crooked teeth
• Crowns showing excessive narrowing towards the cervical,
• Teeth with periodontal disease whose clinical crown lengths are too long for proper preparation,
• Areas with high chewing pressure and cases where closure is not appropriate,
• Cases where the interocclusal space will be less than 1-2 mm after preparation,
• Persons involved in traumatic sports,
• It is not indicated in patients who cannot be motivated by oral hygiene.

What Are All-Ceramic Systems?
IPS e.max ceramic system; (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein).
IPS e.max Press; It is obtained by pressing glass ceramic ingots with 70% lithium disilicate content. It is used in porcelain lamina veneers, inlays, onlays, full porcelain crowns and bridges (up to premolars).
IPS e.max CAD; It is obtained by milling glass ceramic blocks with 70% lithium disilicate content.
IPS e.max ZirCad; It is obtained by milling zirconia blocks. They have very high durability. It has a wide usage area from 3-member bridge to 12-member bridge.
IPS e.max Ceram; It is a superstructure ceramic that is processed on the substructures. It is a low temperature ceramic with nano-fluorapatite structure.
IPS e.max ZirPess; Florapatite has glass ceramic content. Zirconium oxide is the superstructure ceramic of infrastructures. It is also used for shaping and customizing zirconium abutments.